黔南宾夕法尼亚亚纪珊瑚礁相腕足动物氧同位素组成及其古水温信息     

杨丽丽  巩恩普  张永利  关长庆  孙宝亮  常洪伦 《沉积学报》2011,29(3):458-464

黔南宾夕法尼亚亚纪Triticites带内大型Fomitchevella珊瑚礁群落中见附礁生长的腕足动物Striatifera striata 和Enteletoides shuichengensis,XRD测试结果显示Striatifera striata壳体次生层为保存较好、成分纯净的低镁方解石,完全未受到成岩作用...  相似文献   

Modeled Influence of East Asian Black Carbon on Inter-Decadal Shifts in East China Summer Rainfall   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Rashed MAHMOOD  LI Shuang-Lin 《大气和海洋科学快报》2011,4(6):349-355

Two inter-decadal shifts in East China summer rainfall during the last three decades of the 20th century have been identified.One shift occurred in the late 1970s and featured more rainfall in the Yangtze River valley and prolonged drought in North China.The other shift occurred in the early 1990s and featured increased rainfall in South China.The role of black carbon(BC) aerosol in the first shift event is controversial,and it has not been documented for the second event.In this study,the authors used Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's(GFDL's) atmospheric general circulation model known as Atmosphere and Land Model(AM2.1) ,which has been shown to capture East Asian climate variability well,to investigate these issues by conducting sensitive experiments with or without historical BC in East Asia. The results suggest that the model reproduces the first shift well,including intensified rainfall in the Yangtze River and weakened monsoonal circulation.However,the model captures only a fraction of the observed variations for the second shift event.Thus,the role of BC in modulating the two shift events is different,and its impact is relatively less important for the early 1990s event.  相似文献   

Carbon fluxes from eroding peatlands – the carbon benefit of revegetation following wildfire     

F. Worrall  M. G. Evans  R. Pawson  S. Daniels  A. Bonn 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(11):1487-1498

Peatlands are among the largest long‐term soil carbon stores, but their degradation can lead to significant carbon losses. This study considers the carbon budget of peat‐covered sites after restoration, following degradation by past wildfires. The study measured the carbon budget of eight sites: four restored‐revegetated sites, two unrestored bare soil control sites, and two intact vegetated controls over two years (2006–2008). The study considered the following flux pathways: dissolved organic carbon (DOC); particulate organic carbon (POC); dissolved carbon dioxide (CO₂); primary productivity; net ecosystem respiration, and methane (CH₄). The study shows that unrestored, bare peat sites can have significant carbon losses as high as 522 ± 3 tonnes C/km²/yr. Most sites showed improved carbon budgets (decreased source and/or increased sink of carbon) after restoration; this improvement was mainly in the form of a reduction in the size of the net carbon source, but for one restored site the measured carbon budget after four years of restoration was greater than observed for vegetated controls. The carbon sequestration benefit of peatland restoration would range between 122 and 833 tonnes C/km²/yr. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Evolution of animal multicellularity stimulated by dissolved organic carbon in early Ediacaran ocean: DOXAM hypothesis     

AKIHIRO KANO  YOKO KUNIMITSU  TETSUHIRO TOGO  CHIDURU TAKASHIMA  FUMITO SHIRAISHI  WEI WANG 《Island Arc》2011,20(2):280-293

Oxygenation of the ocean is presumed to be an important factor stimulating the evolution of multicellular animals. The appearance of the Ediacaran‐type biota (ca 575 Ma) was assigned to the aftermath of the Gaskiers glaciation (ca 580 Ma), when substantial oceanic oxygenation is believed to have started. However, several lines of evidence reveal that at least sponges evolved before this oxygenation. For understanding the first stage of animal evolution, we propose the hypothesis that Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) Stimulated the evolution for Animal Multicellularity (DOXAM). Recent geochemical studies of the Ediacaran sedimentary sequences have indicated that a substantial DOC mass was developed in the stratified ocean after the Marinoan glaciation (655–635 Ma), and this was supported by the inorganic and organic carbon isotope profiles of the Doushantuo Formation in South China. The DOC mass was an oxygen consumer in the water column; however, it could have provided a food source for filter‐feeding animals such as sponges and cnidarians, and established a primitive food‐web. Such an ecological structure is recognized in modern deep‐sea coral mounds. Results from the integrated ocean drilling program (IODP) Expedition 307 for a mound in northeastern Atlantic suggested that organic carbon suspended around the density boundary in the water column is the key feature to feed the heterotrophic deep‐sea coral community. Our hypothesis is consistent with the fact that the two most primitive animal phyla (Porifera and Cnidaria) are filter feeders. The evolution of filter feeding ecosystems removed the DOC mass and may have contributed to ocean oxygenation in the terminal Neoproterozoic when animal evolution passed into the second stage, with the appearance of bilaterians.  相似文献   

Comparing the seasonal variation of parameter estimation of ecosystem carbon exchange between alpine meadow and cropland in Heihe River Basin, northwestern China     

HaiBo Wang  MingGuo Ma 《寒旱区科学》2015,7(3):216-228

Grasslands and agro-ecosystems occupy one-third of the global terrestrial area. However, great uncertainty still exists about their contributions to the global carbon cycle. This study used various com...  相似文献   

Effects of land-use changes on organic carbon in bulk soil and associated physical fractions in China''s Horqin Sandy Grassland     

YuQiang Li  YinPing Chen  ShaoKun Wang  WenDa Huang  JianPeng Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2015,7(1):0050-0058

The Horqin Sandy Grassland is one of the most seriously desertified areas in China's agro-pastoral ecotone due to its fragile ecology, combined with improper and unsustainable land management. We inves...  相似文献   

基于SLM模型的中国碳排放格网化空间分布模拟     

刘永伟  闫庆武 《地理与地理信息科学》2015,31(3):76-80

以美国橡树岭国家实验室二氧化碳信息分析中心的中国碳排放数据、统计年鉴中的分省化石能源消费与水泥产量数据为基础,选取NDVI植被指数、DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据、GDP、工业总产值、人口5个指标,对中国2000年及2010年的分省碳排放结果采用5km×5km格网,运用空间滞后回归模型(SLM)进行空间分布模拟,并对空间模拟结果进行误差分析及纠正,获得2000年及2010年地均碳排放强度空间分布图。结果表明,中国地均碳排放强度存在以下特征:区域差异分布特征明显,主要表现为从东部地区向中西部地区逐渐变小;存在几个明显高值热点及低值冷点区域;随着时间的推移,地域差异特征越发明显,冷点和热点区域分布特征更加显著;2010年各地区地均碳排放强度明显大于2000年。  相似文献   

海洋解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefacien)产抗生素Macrolactin A的碳源优化     

侯东园  吴祖芳  张鑫 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(5):1071-1077

为提高一株海洋解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)ESB-2生产大环内酯类抗生素Macrolactin A的能力,利用大孔树脂对发酵液进行粗提取,利用高速逆流色谱法,高效、快速分离制备出高纯度的Macrolactin A。采用高效液相色谱法检测不同碳源对Macrolactin A产量的影响,且在优化基础上采用摇瓶发酵得到海洋解淀粉芽孢杆菌的发酵过程曲线。结果表明:高速逆流色谱法能够高效快速的制备出Macrolactin A纯品,纯度达到95%以上,明显优于高效液相色谱;添加葡萄糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖均有利于Macrolactin A的生成,麦芽糖为最佳碳源,最佳浓度为1%,其产量达到18.5mg/L,是优化前的2倍多。本研究可为提高Macrolactin A的产量、解决其药源问题、实现规模化生产打下了良好的基础。  相似文献   

发光细菌法在环渤海污水样品遗传毒性检测中的应用     

崔志松  栾晓  高伟  李倩  杨官品  郑立 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(1):228-232

建立了以经过遗传改造的发光细菌Acinetobacter sp.Rec A为受试物种的环境污染物遗传毒性快速检测方法,该方法最快可在3h内得到毒性评价结果。采用该方法评价了环渤海排污口12份污水样品的遗传毒性。环渤海12个排污口的污水样品均表现出了不同水平的遗传毒性,并呈现出一定的分布特征。其中,高毒水质集中出现在山东半岛污水样品中,中毒水质集中出现在辽东半岛地区,而低毒水质主要集中于京津冀地区。综上,在环渤海的污水样品遗传毒性检测中,这种新型发光细菌法具有快速、灵敏、简便等优点,可为以后近海环境的水质生物毒性检测提供参考依据,具有应用于近海环境水质快速监测与评价的潜力。  相似文献   

广西钦州湾百年来红树林演变的有机碳同位素和孢粉示踪及其影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

夏鹏  孟宪伟  平爱平  李珍 《海洋学报》2015,37(3):77-85

气候变化和人类活动制约下的红树林演变是一种长时间尺度效应,而沉积物则是记录这种响应的最佳档案。采用古生态学研究思路,选择有效的示踪参数是解读这一档案的有效途径。本文通过广西钦州湾红树林区1根柱状沉积物中有机碳同位素(δ13C)、C/N分析和孢粉鉴定,以沉积物中的红树林源有机碳贡献和红树植物孢粉组合为示踪参数,在210Pb年龄框架构建的基础上,通过对比研究红树林源有机碳贡献和红树孢粉组合特征,揭示百年来钦州湾红树林兴衰和群落演替规律;进而重塑其红树林演变历史:兴盛期(1864-1918年)、衰退期(1918-1968年)和低谷期(1968-2007年),这与土地替代、遥感分析和现场勘测数据较为吻合。结合气候变化和人类活动资料,发现钦州湾红树林的近期衰退主要源于人类活动的影响,尤其是虾塘围垦;而与气候变化关系不大。  相似文献